The purpose of this booklet is to provide you with sufficient guidelines to allow you to reach your full potential in the preparation and completion of assignments throughout the program.
这份手册提供您足够的指南性信息，以便使您能够准备和完成整个课程所有作业实现您个人的全部潜力。

Please note that the citation method employed throughout this example is the Harvard/APA style ,which is recommended for subjects in the areas of business/management.
请注意在此实例中我们始终采用哈佛大学书写格式体系，这也是所有商务课程和管理课程所推崇的书写格式。

if you have any queries about the presentation of your academic work,please speak to your lecturer during the delivery of the unit prior to submission of your work
如果您对书写格式还有一些疑问，请在课程期间，在论文提交之前与有关教授联系澄清。

格兰.伍德Glenice Wood，
研究生课程主任Graduate Courses Coordinator，
商学院School of Business，
澳大利亚国立巴拉瑞特大学University of Ballarat

1.Title Page 首页或封面

Each piece of written work should have a separate cover-sheet or title page. This should include the title of the piece of work,your name and student number,the unit number and name of lecturer,and the date of submission.每一份书面作业都应该有一页封面或首页。封面内容包括论文题目，学生姓名，学生号，科目编号，科目名称，教授姓名，作业到期日子。

2.Abstract or Synopsis 摘要

Essays,reports,research or major studies,and some other assignments should always be prefaced by an abstract or synopsis. This should be on a separate page,and should be between 100-500 words and be written in connected English prose(i.e. not in dot point style).
论文，报告，研究或者一份大的研究项目，或者其他类型的作业，都应该提供一份摘要，摘要必须另起一页，字数在100道150左右，行文要连贯，不可以用一点一条的行文方式。

An abstract or synopsis is NOT a table of contents, nor is it an lntroduction.It is a summary or precis of the whole work，outlining the problem being investigated，the main argument,and the results or conclusions reached. When used with a report of a research study,it may include a brief statement of the method or procedure used,It needs to be factual and precise.
摘要不是内容目录，也不是引言。它是整个作品的概述，比如所研究的问题是什么，主要论点是什么，研究结果是什么。在报告写作时，摘要还包括对研究方法和程序的概述。行文要求具体有事实性和简明性。

3.Table of contents 内容目录
Where an essay or report is organised under section or chapter headings, a table of contents should be procided. This should be on a separate page, should list each section,and show on which page that part of the work begins.
当论文或者报告有章节是，必须提供一份目录，目录必须另起一页。目录必须按章节排列，并标上页数。

4. Introduction 引言
The best introductions get to the point quickly and capture the reader's interest. They should not leave the reader guessing about your purpose and direction; but should provide a concise statement of your idea or set out clearly the direction and argument you will be developing. It is often a good idea to begin with a general statement, then move to the details in the body of essay,and return to the general in the conclusion.A gool rule of thumb:"this id so/this is why this is so/hence it is supportable that this is so".(source:adapted form Bate&sharpe,1996).see the following page for an excerpt from bate &Sharpe book,with an example of one introduction).
最好引言切入正题最快,最引人入神的引言,引言不能让读者去猜测论文的目的和方向.引言应该十分清楚地阐述作者的意图,研究方向和论点,引言一般由一句概述语开始,然后深入到论文的具体内容,最好放在结论里再回到主题上来,一般经常使用的语句是:然而....这就是为什么.....,结果是.....,等等.

5.Body:正文

In the body of your essay,list all main points that will develop what you have set up as your introduction .you should aim to select from your reading and notes the points that are relevant to your theme and develop your argument.lmagine a thread weaving thoughout the essay linking the introduction to the body and the conclusion from the theme;trying to say too much within a given word limit,or padding and repeating to meet the word limit;failure to given word limit,or padding and repeating to meet the word limit; failure to give proper emphasis and balance to all parts of essay topic;and illogical,confusing sequencing of material",(Source:adapted form Bate&Sharpe,1996)
论文的正文将详细列出您在引言中提出的各种论点.您应该从泛阅读,从中筛取与摘录与论文主题提出的有关论点,并在此基础上发展自己的论点,您要经常想像连贯引言,正文和结论的主线条.正文写不好的最常见的原因是:离开主题,在文字字限内讲述了太多的内容,重复,绕来绕去重点不突出,内容不平衡,逻辑不通,内容混乱.

6.Conclusion:结论

The conclusion should logically form what you have set up and promised in your introduction,and from what you have outlined as the main ideas to be developed sequentially in of one final paragraph,and generally should bring together the different parts of the essay and supports what has already been written,and do not leave questions hanging by raising new issues.(Source:adapted form Bate&Sharpe,1996)

结论应该很有条理地从引言介绍中,从正文研究描述中开发出来,结论应该将整个论文"捆绑"在一起,结论通常是由一个段落组成,把论文的各个章节贯穿起来,衬托出主题,结论的目的是给论文加上力度,衬托出已写好的内容,千万不要节外生枝,提出新问题.

7.Citation in the body of the work 文中引言:

The Harvard or "name/date"system is preferred in the School of Business.At the appropriate place in the page number(s) or the author(s), the publication date,and if appropriate, the page number(s) being quoted or referred to.References in the text should correspond with entries in the list of references at the end of the piece of work.
哈佛大学引言体系，即姓名-日期体系，是我商学院所采纳的体系，在文中的适合的地方，资料来源说明按以下顺序在括号内提供：作者姓名，出版年份，资料来源页码，文中引言必须与论文后面所附书目相一致。
举例Examples of correct citation are as follows:
As indicated in recent research (Jones,2000), follow up interviews needs to be made...
正如最近研究所示（作者姓名，年份），我们需要再做一些面谈调查。
A common belief(Jones&Smith,2001)was that...
大家共同的信念（作者姓名1，作者姓名2，年份）是...
Several texts (Adams,1998; Cummings,2002;Granger,2001) have concluded...
几处论文都有结论（作者姓名，年份；作者姓名，年份；作者姓名，年份）说：
For less usual citations,please refer to the General Guide for the Presentation of Academic Work provided by the University of Ballarat
有关较少见的引言方式，请参见大学发布的学术论文格式规定

8. Appendices:附件

It is possible to include in an appendix bulky material, which may support your argument, but is not appropriate(or convenient)to unclude in the body of your essay or report.For example,questionnaires or raw data may be included,if appropriate in an Appendix.
作者可以附上大量的附注资料，以便支持自己的论点，但是不可以将附件放在文中。附件可以包括调查表或原始数据。

9. Acknowledgements感谢词：

People who have give assistance should be acknowledged,in a simple and concise statement of acknowledgement. This is often necessary,for exampe,when istervews or focus groups have been conducted to gather data for a report or research project.
所有曾经帮助过的人都应该给予承认，感谢词应该是简易明的语句，感谢是应该的，比如为了研究报告，收集数据，所需进行面谈调查，那些人员都应该感谢。

10.Reference List参考书目：

The appropriate manner of compiling a list of References is to compile all of the citaions mentioned throughout the essay or report into an alphabetically ordered list at the back of the work.
整理参考书目最合适的方法是收集全部论文中所引用过后的引言，把它们按作者姓名笔画或字母排列起来。
书中书目格式如下The format when referring to books should be as follows:
Adams, S.J.(1998).Management in 2000 and Beyond.Melbourne:
Prentice Hall.
Castles,F.G., Davidson,M.J., Baker,P.M. & Jackson,A.B.(2001). The future of Management.Sydney:Wiley.
作者姓名，年份，书目，出版地点，出版商期刊中书目格式如下When referring to journal articles, the following is appropriate:
Davidson,M.J. & Pollitt,B.C. (2002). Motivating a demoralised workforce. Women in Management Review,4,200-250.
作者姓名，年份，文章题目，报刊名，期号，页码
当作者不明时的书目格式如下When the author is unknown the title may be used as follows:
How to manage effectively.(2001). London:British Academy of Management.
书目，年份出版地点，出版商
For less common examples of entries into a list of References, please refer to the General Guide for the Presentation of Academic Work,P.20.
有关较少见的引言方式，请参见大学发布的学术论文格式规定。